RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND HOMOEOPATHY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF DISEASE AND THERAPEUTICS: A REVIEW ARTICLE

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, progressive joint destruction, and various extra-articular manifestations. It affects approximately 0.5–1% of the global population and is associated with significant disability, reduced functional capacity, and impaired quality of life. The etiology of RA is multifactorial, involving genetic, hormonal, environmental, and immunological factors that contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Clinical manifestations include symmetrical polyarthritis, prolonged morning stiffness, joint swelling, and deformities, while systemic involvement may affect the cardiovascular, pulmonary, ocular, and hematological systems. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, disease activity assessment tools, serological markers, and laboratory investigations. Homoeopathy approaches RA through individualized treatment based on the totality of symptoms, giving importance to both physical and psychological characteristics of the patient. Recent experimental studies suggest that homoeopathic medicines may exhibit immunomodulatory effects, indicating a potential supportive role in chronic autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and laboratory investigations of RA while highlighting the homoeopathic perspective and commonly indicated remedies. Homoeopathy aims to provide holistic, patient-centered care and may contribute to improved well-being and quality of life when applied according to individualized principles. Further clinical research is required to establish its role in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.