National Journal of Medical Research and Yoga Sciences (NJMRYS)
NJMRYS is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal publishing multidisciplinary research in medical sciences, yoga sciences, and allied health fields, promoting ethical and evidence-based scholarly communication. National Journal of Medical Research & Yoga Sciences (NJMRYS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access multidisciplinary journal that publishes original and evidence-based research in medical sciences, yoga sciences, and allied health disciplines. The journal provides an academic platform for clinicians, researchers, educators, and healthcare professionals to share scientific knowledge that supports integrative and holistic approaches to health and disease management. NJMRYS follows ethical publishing standards and a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the quality, originality, and relevance of published articles, with the objective of advancing medical education, research, and healthcare practice at national and international levels. The National Journal of Medical Research & Yoga Sciences (NJMRYS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access, multidisciplinary scholarly journal devoted to the dissemination of high-quality research in medical sciences, yoga sciences, and allied health disciplines. Established in 2015, the journal aims to serve as an academic bridge between modern biomedical research and traditional, complementary, and integrative approaches to health and disease management. NJMRYS publishes a wide range of article types, including original research articles, review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, short communications, technical notes, and clinical or educational perspectives. The journal encourages interdisciplinary and translational research that contributes to preventive healthcare, clinical practice, public health, yoga therapy, rehabilitation sciences, and medical education. The journal follows a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure scientific accuracy, originality, and relevance. All submissions are evaluated for ethical compliance, methodological soundness, and academic merit in accordance with internationally accepted editorial and publication ethics guidelines. NJMRYS supports transparency, responsible authorship, and integrity in scholarly communication. Published by An International Multidisciplinary Research Publishers, NJMRYS provides free and unrestricted access to its published content, facilitating the global exchange of knowledge. By promoting national and international collaboration among researchers, academicians, and healthcare professionals, the journal strives to advance evidence-based medicine, integrative health sciences, and holistic well-being. Editorial Team NJMRYS www.njmrys.com
A EFFECT OF YOGA ON AGING AN EDITORIALPERSPECTIVE
Aging is a natural biological process associated with gradual declines in physical, mental, and cognitive functions. As life expectancy increases worldwide, promoting healthy aging has become a major public health priority. Yoga, an ancient mind-body practice combining physical postures [asanas], breathing techniques [pranayama], and meditation, has gained increasing attention as a holistic approach to improving the quality of life in older adults. This editorial perspective highlights the potential role of yoga in supporting healthy aging by enhancing flexibility, balance, muscle strength, cardiovascular health, cognitive function, emotional well-being, and stress management. Emerging scientific evidence suggests that regular yoga practice may reduce inflammation, improve sleep quality, lower anxiety and depression, and contribute to better functional independence among older individuals. Although current findings are promising, further large-scale, high quality clinical studies are needed to establish standardized yoga protocols and better understand the underlying biological mechanisms. Integrating yoga into preventive healthcare and geriatric wellness programs may offer a safe, cost-effective, and accessible strategy for promoting healthy aging and improving overall well-being in the aging population.
Copyright (c) 2026 National Journal of Medical Research and Yoga Sciences (NJMRYS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THERAPEUTIC YOGA AS A COMPLEMENTARYINTERVENTION FOR FROZEN SHOULDER ASSOCIATEDWITH UPPER BACK PAIN A CASE REPORT
Frozen shoulder, clinically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a debilitating musculoskeletal condition characterized by progressive pain and restriction of shoulder movement. The condition often leads to compensatory postural adaptations and secondary musculoskeletal complaints, particularly in the upper back region. Conventional management strategies include pharmacological treatment, physiotherapy, and exercise-based rehabilitation; however, complementary approaches such as therapeutic yoga have gained increasing attention because of their holistic effects on physical and psychological health. This case report describes the therapeutic outcomes in a 37-year-old patient diagnosed with frozen shoulder accompanied by chronic upper back pain.
ROLE OF THERAPEUTIC YOGA IN THE SUPPORTIVEMANAGEMENT OF LOWER LIMB EDEMA, LEFT LEGVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION, MUSCULOSKELETALDISCOMFORT, AND NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES IN A61-YEAR-OLD FEMALE A CASE REPORT
IMPACT OF YOGA BASED INTERVENTIONS ONPSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING AND ACADEMICPERFORMANCE IN HEALTHCARE TRAINEEST OFYOGA BASED INTERVENTIONS ON PSYCHOLOGICALWELL BEING AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE INHEALTHCARE TRAINEES
Healthcare students, including medical, nursing, and allied health trainees, experience substantial academic, clinical, and emotional pressures that contribute to stress, anxiety, burnout, and reduced well-being. Research indicates that approximately 34% of healthcare trainees experience anxiety, while depression affects up to 27%, negatively influencing cognitive function, memory retention, clinical performance, and overall quality of life. This review explores yoga as a sustainable intervention to support the psychological health and academic success of healthcare trainees. Yoga, which integrates physical postures [asanas], breathing techniques [pranayama], and meditation [dhyana], has been shown to reduce perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms while enhancing mood regulation and resilience. Through activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and the cultivation of mindfulness, yoga promotes emotional regulation and adaptive coping strategies. Evidence also suggests that yoga improves attention, working memory, executive functioning, sleep quality, and academic performance, all of which are essential for effective learning and clinical decision-making. Despite these benefits, barriers such as limited time, inadequate institutional support, and skepticism hinder the integration of yoga into healthcare education. Emerging initiatives incorporating brief and accessible yoga practices within wellness curricula have demonstrated promising outcomes in reducing stress and improving student well-being. Integrating yoga into healthcare training programs may serve as a proactive, cost-effective strategy to enhance mental health, strengthen resilience, and support academic achievement among future healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to identify effective implementation approaches that ensure the sustainability and widespread adoption of yoga-based interventions in healthcare education.
Copyright (c) 2026 An International Multidisciplinary Open Access Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
SYNSEPALUM DULCIFICUM [MIRACLE FRUIT]A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BIOACTIVECOMPOUNDS, TASTE-MODIFYING MECHANISMS, ANDTHERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL NUTRITION
Synsepalum dulcificum, commonly known as miracle fruit, is a West African plant renowned for its unique taste-modifying properties attributed to the glycoprotein miraculin. By temporarily altering taste perception, specifically converting sour tastes into sweet. S. dulcificum has gained attention not only as a novelty but as a promising candidate in clinical nutrition and therapeutic applications. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current scientific and clinical evidence surrounding the potential health benefits and applications of S. dulcificum. The fruit’s phytochemical pro-file includes antioxidants, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which contribute to its proposed anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and lipid-lowering effects. Recent studies have explored its role in managing chemotherapy-induced taste disturbances [dysgeusia], aiding glycemic control in diabetic patients, and supporting weight management in obesity. Its potential to improve appetite and nutritional intake in patients undergoing cancer treatment or suffering from metabolic disorders highlights its relevance in clinical nutrition. While preclinical studies show promising pharmacological activity, human trials remain limited, with variability in study design and outcomes. This review critically examines the available literature, discussing mechanisms of action, therapeutic efficacy, safety profile, and potential for integration into functional foods or medical nutrition therapy. Overall, S. dulcificum represents a novel, natural agent with emerging clinical relevance. However, further well-designed, large-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate its efficacy and ensure safe application in medical practice. This review aims to guide future research and support healthcare professionals considering S. dulcificum in nutritional and therapeutic interventions.
Role of Homoeopathy in the Management of Dyslipidaemia: A Comprehensive Review
Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal concentrations of blood lipids, including elevated total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. It represents a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular disorders, contributing substantially to global morbidity and mortality. The rising prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy dietary patterns has significantly increased the burden of dyslipidemia worldwide. Early identification and effective management are essential to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve long-term health outcomes. Conventional treatment strategies include lifestyle modifications such as dietary regulation, regular physical activity, weight management, smoking cessation, and pharmacological interventions, particularly statins and other lipid-lowering agents. Homoeopathy offers a holistic and individualized system of medicine that seeks to address the patient's constitutional characteristics and underlying metabolic imbalances. Remedies including Cholesterinum, Lycopodium clavatum, Calcarea carbonica, Nux vomica, and Sulphur are frequently considered according to individual symptom profiles. This review highlights the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, conventional management, and the potential complementary role of homoeopathy in the comprehensive care of patients with dyslipidemia.
Dyslipidemia, Homoeopathy, Hypercholesterolemia, Cardiovascular Disease, Lipid Metabolism.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND HOMOEOPATHY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF DISEASE AND THERAPEUTICS: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, progressive joint destruction, and various extra-articular manifestations. It affects approximately 0.5–1% of the global population and is associated with significant disability, reduced functional capacity, and impaired quality of life. The etiology of RA is multifactorial, involving genetic, hormonal, environmental, and immunological factors that contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Clinical manifestations include symmetrical polyarthritis, prolonged morning stiffness, joint swelling, and deformities, while systemic involvement may affect the cardiovascular, pulmonary, ocular, and hematological systems. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, disease activity assessment tools, serological markers, and laboratory investigations. Homoeopathy approaches RA through individualized treatment based on the totality of symptoms, giving importance to both physical and psychological characteristics of the patient. Recent experimental studies suggest that homoeopathic medicines may exhibit immunomodulatory effects, indicating a potential supportive role in chronic autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and laboratory investigations of RA while highlighting the homoeopathic perspective and commonly indicated remedies. Homoeopathy aims to provide holistic, patient-centered care and may contribute to improved well-being and quality of life when applied according to individualized principles. Further clinical research is required to establish its role in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Autoimmune Disease, Chronic Inflammation, Homoeopathy, Homoeopathic Therapeutics, Quality of Life.
Homoeopathy: Principles and Role in Modern Healthcare
Background: Homoeopathy is a system of complementary medicine based on the principle of similia similibus curentur (like cures like). It employs highly diluted substances to stimulate the body’s intrinsic healing capacity. Developed in the 18th century, homoeopathy emphasizes individualized treatment and holistic care. Despite its widespread global use, its scientific validity remains controversial. This paper critically examines the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of homoeopathy, with reference to existing scientific literature and healthcare perspectives.
Yoga And Its Impact On Physical And Mental Health: A Review Article
Background: Yoga is an ancient mind-body practice that integrates physical postures, breathing techniques, and medita tion to promote overall health and well-being. In recent decades, yoga has gained global recognition as a complementary approach for improving physical itness, mental health, and quality of life. This review article examines the physiological and psychological bene its of yoga, its role in the management of lifestyle disorders, and its relevance in modern healthcare. Evidence suggests that regular yoga practice improves cardiovascular function, reduces stress, enhances mental clarity, and contributes to disease prevention. However, further standardized research is required to establish its clinical ef icacy across diverse populations.
Physiology: The Foundation Of Human Health And Disease
Background: Physiology is the branch of biological science that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. It provides essential insights into how cells, tissues, and organ systems interact to maintain homeostasis, ensur ing survival and adaptability. A sound understanding of physiological mechanisms is critical for disease prevention, diagno sis, and treatment. This editorial highlights the role of physiology in healthcare, its impact on lifestyle-related disorders, and its contribution to scienti ic advancements. In the modern era, where non-communicable diseases are rapidly increasing, physiological awareness has become indispensable for improving overall health outcomes.
A study to assess Hand Hygiene practices among health care workers: A pilot study
Background: Hand hygiene is recognized as the single most effective and cost-efficient measure to prevent hospital acquired infections (HAIs . Despite clear international guidelines, compliance among health care workers (HCWs) remains low in many settings. Aim: To assess hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital.
Mobile Phones as Silent Reservoirs of Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Pilot Study Among Health Care Workers
Background: Aim: To assess bacterial contamination of mobile phones used by health care workers in a tertiary care hospital. Objectives: To determine microbial contamination on mobile phones of HCWs. To identify common microorganisms isolated from mobile phones. To assess awareness and disinfection practices among HCWs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted among 30 health care workers in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Sterile swabs were collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Organisms were identified using Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. Data regarding phone usage and cleaning practices were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Bacterial contamination was detected in the majority of mobile phones. The most commonly isolated organisms were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (26.7%), and gram negative bacilli (13.3%). A significant proportion of participants reported infrequent disinfection of their mobile phones. Conclusion: Mobile phones used by health care workers can act as reservoirs for potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Regular disinfection practices and awareness programs are necessary to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infections.
REVISITING PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY AN UNDEREXPLORED DETERMINANT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
Physiological plasticity refers to the capacity of cells, tissues, and organ systems to adapt structurally and functionally in response to internal and external stimuli. While plasticity is well recognized in developmental biology and neurophysiology, its broader relevance across adult physiological systems remains underexplored. This editorial highlights physiological plasticity as a unifying concept linking adaptation, resilience, and disease susceptibility. Recognizing plasticity as a core physiological principle may offer new insights into disease prevention, recovery, and personalized medicine.
EFFECT OF PRANAYAMA ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATION: A PHYSIOLOGICAL INSIGHT
Background: Autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic overactivity and reduced parasympathetic tone is implicated in hypertension, anxiety disorders, and cardiovascular morbidity. Yogic breathing techniques (pranayama) are increasingly recognized for their modulatory effects on autonomic function. Objective: To highlight the physiological mechanisms through which pranayama influences autonomic regulation and its potential clinical implications. Methods: A narrative review of published physiological and clinical studies examining the impact of pranayama on heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, respiratory parameters, and neuroendocrine responses was conducted. Results: Evidence suggests that slow and controlled breathing techniques enhance vagal tone, improve HRV indices, reduce sympathetic discharge, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Studies demonstrate improved baroreflex sensitivity and decreased plasma cortisol levels following regular practice. Respiratory efficiency parameters such as forced vital capacity and peak expiratory low rate also show significant improvement. Conclusion: Pranayama serves as a non-pharmacological intervention capable of restoring autonomic balance. Its integration into preventive and therapeutic strategies for stress-related and cardiovascular disorders is supported by physiological evidence, though large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted.
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF YOGA
Background: Yoga is an ancient mind–body discipline increasingly supported by modern physiological research. Evidence suggests signi icant effects on autonomic balance, cardiovascular regulation, respiratory ef iciency, and neuroendocrine stress pathways. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted focusing on clinical and experi mental studies evaluating physiological parameters in luenced by yoga practices, including asanas, pranayama, and medita tion. Results: Yoga practice is associated with enhanced parasympathetic activity, improved heart rate variability, reduced blood pressure, improved pulmonary function, and decreased stress biomarkers including cortisol. Neurotransmitter mod ulation such as increased GABA activity has also been reported. Conclusion: Yoga exerts measurable systemic physiological effects primarily through autonomic modulation and neuroendocrine regulation. It represents a safe and cost-effective ad junct in preventive and lifestyle medicine.
Copyright (c) 2025 National Journal of Medical Research and Yoga Sciences (NJMRYS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
IMPACT OF PRE-ENRICHMENT CULTURE TECHNIQUES ON THE RECOVERY OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS
Background: Isolation of bacterial pathogens from clinical specimens is a fundamental requirement in diagnostic microbiology. However, conventional direct culture techniques may fail to detect pathogens when organisms are present in low numbers or when specimens contain inhibitory substances. Pre-enrichment culture techniques are designed to enhance bacterial recovery prior to inoculation onto solid media. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pre-enrichment culture techniques in improving the isolation of bacterial pathogens from routine clinical specimens. Materials and Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted on 120 clinical specimens. Each specimen was processed by direct culture on solid media and by pre-enrichment in liquid media followed by subculture. Isolation rates, specimen-wise yield, Gram staining quality, and organism proiles were compared. Results: Pre-enrichment culture demonstrated a higher isolation rate [79.2%] compared to direct culture [55.8%]. Improved Gram-staining clarity and well-defined colony morphology were observed following enrichment, particularly in sterile body fluids and tissue samples. Conclusion: Pre-enrichment culture significantly enhances bacterial detection from clinical specimens and should be routinely employed to improve diagnostic sensitivity in microbiology laboratories.
SIGNIFICANCE OF LIQUID MEDIA IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Background: Isolation of pathogenic microorganisms remains fundamental to the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Direct inoculation of clinical specimens onto solid media may yield false-negative results when the bacterial load is low or when inhibitory substances are present. Liquid media act as enrichment systems that enhance microbial recovery. Aim: To evaluate the role of liquid media in improving bacterial isolation from clinical specimens compared with direct inoculation onto solid media. Materials and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted on 100 clinical specimens. Each specimen was processed by direct inoculation onto solid media and by enrichment in liquid media fol lowed by subculture. Culture positivity, Gram-staining quality, colony morphology, and organism distribution were analyzed. Results: Liquid media enrichment demonstrated a higher culture positivity rate (82%) compared with direct inocu lation (58%). Enriched cultures showed improved Gram-staining clarity and well-de ined colony morphology. Conclusion: Liquid media signi icantly enhance bacterial isolation and diagnostic accuracy and should be routinely incorporated into diagnostic microbiology work lows.
A STUDY ON CLINICAL UTILITY OF COCCUS CACTI
Background: Coccus cacti is a well known homoeopathic remedy for its marked action on various systems especially in conditions characterized by thick, ropy, teanious expectoration. Aims And Objectives : To Study the clinical utility of Coccus cacti in day to day homoeopathic practice. Materials And Methods:30 cases were taken up for the study from JSPS Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College And Hospital for 2yrs. Results: The study observed clinical improvement in acute and chronic diseases. The af inity of Coccus cacti and its detailed symptomatology were studied. Conclusion: Coccus cacti is an effective remedy, and the chief action is on respiratory related disorders mainly on Bronchial asthma which correlated with the literature.
primary action on the respiratory system
PRECLINICAL INDICATORS AND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG ADULTS-ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) in young adults is increasingly recognized as a major public health concern. Unlike older populations, MI in young adults often arises from a complex interplay of traditional and non-traditional risk factors and may remain clinically silent until an acute event occurs. Objective: This review aims to summarize the preclinical indicators, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and current diagnostic approaches relevant to early identiication of myocardial infarction risk in young adults. Methods: A narrative review of published literature focusing on myocardial infarction in individuals aged 18–45 years was conducted. Studies addressing pathophysiology, risk factors, screening tools, and diagnostic strategies were analyzed. Results: Preclinical indicators such as endothelial dysfunction, autonomic imbalance, subclinical atherosclerosis, inflammatory biomarkers, and genetic predisposition play a critical role in the early development of myocardial infarction in young adults. Diagnostic tools including electrocardiography, biochemical markers, imaging modalities, and risk stratification models aid in early detection, though their routine use in asymptomatic individuals remains debated. Conclusion: Early recognition of preclinical indicators combined with targeted diagnostic strategies can improve risk stratification and prevention of myocardial infarction in young adults. Incorporating physiology-based screening approaches may reduce morbidity and mortality in this population.
ULTRASOUND EVALUATION OF MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE IN CHILDREN WITH MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are essential for optimizing clinical management, especially in children. Muscle ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating muscle architecture and pathology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of ultrasound in assessing muscle architecture in pediatric muscular dystrophy, including principles of imaging, normal and pathological muscle characteristics, disease-specific ultrasound findings, quantitative techniques, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives. The growing use of ultrasound offers significant potential for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and assessment of therapeutic response in children with muscular dystrophy.
NEONATAL HYPOTHERMIA AND ITS IMPACT ON EARLY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Background: Neonatal hypothermia is a frequent and preventable condition that signicantly contributes to early neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia at admission, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate its impact on early morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital. All live-born neonates admitted within 24 hours of birth during the study period were included. Axillary temperature was recorded at admission and classified according to World Health Organization [WHO] criteria. Maternal and neonatal characteristics, early neonatal morbidities, and mortality were documented and analyzed. Results: A total of 200 neonates were included in the study. Hypothermia at admission was observed in 118 [59%] neonates. Preterm birth, low birth weight, and outborn delivery were significantly associated with hypothermia. Hypothermic neonates had higher incidences of sepsis, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and significantly higher early neonatal mortality compared to normothermic neonates. Conclusion: Neonatal hypothermia is common and is strongly associated with increased early morbidity and mortality. Strict adherence to thermal care practices from birth through transport and hospitalization is essential to improve neonatal outcomes.
PHYSIOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA INTEGRATING CORE SCIENCE WITH CLINICAL AND PREVENTIVE HEALTH
Background: Physiology forms the foundation of all medical sciences and remains central to understanding health, disease, and therapeutic interventions. As the study of normal functions of the human body, physiology provides the framework upon which clinical medicine, diagnostics, and preventive healthcare are built. Despite rapid technological advancements and increasing specialization in medicine, the importance of physiology has not diminished; rather, it has expanded in scope and relevance.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE- PSORIASIS ITS DIET MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION
Is a long-term (chronic) skin problem that causes skin cells to grow too quickly, resulting in thick, white, silvery, or red patches of skin. Psoriasis isn't contagious. It can't be spread by touch from person to person. Normally, skin cells grow gradually and flake off about every 4 weeks. New skin cells grow to replace the outer layers of the skin as they shed. But in psoriasis , new skin cells move rapidly to the surface of the skin in days rather than weeks. They build up and form thick patches called plaques .The patches range in size from small to large.
HYPOKALEMIA IS A LOWER THAN NORMAL AMOUNT OF POTASSIUM INTHE BLOOD IT MAY RESULT FROM A NUMBER OF CONDITIONS
Potassium is needed for cells, especially nerve and muscle cells, to function properly. You get potassium through food. The kidneys remove excess potassium in the urine to keep a proper balance of the mineral in the body. Hypokalemia is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the level of potassium in the blood drops too low.
THE STUDY OF HYPOKALEMIA AND HYPERKALEMIA IN VARIOUS DISEASES
Fluid & Electrolytes imbalance is often observed in many disease conditions particularly in hospitalized patients. Potassium is one of the important electrolytes; alteration of serum levels (Hypokalemia & Hyperkalemia) will lead to various metabolic complications witch may be fatal. Early diagnosis will help in the treatment & overall management. This will help in reducing the morbidity & mortality. In this background we tried to enumerate, the causes of hypokalemia & hyperkalemia in the patients admitted in various Dept. of Mamata General Hospital, Khammam.
STUDY ON GLYCEMIC STATUS IN SIBLINGS OF DIABETIC PARENTS
Introduction: As per Indian council of medical research survey, incidence of diabetes in 1975 was around 2.1% which increased to 4.5% by 1990 and with the present trend is likely to reach around 6.8% in this millennium. Offspring of patients with Non insulin depended diabetes mellitus have a 40-60% chance of developing type 2 diabetes and increased frequency of impaired glucose tolerance. The siblings of diabetic parents are at high risk than siblings of non diabetic parents. The glycemic status plays a crucial role and it is a good indicator to alert the offspring’s of diabetic parents. Materials & Methods: The study was carried in department of Biochemistry on 30 control cases (23 Males 07 Females) of siblings of non diabetic parents (Group I) and 60 cases (42 Males, 18 Females) of siblings of diabetic parents (Group II) of same aged group. The glycemic status of both groups is studied by estimating the Glucose tolerance test and glycated haemoglobin. Results: Siblings of diabetic parents were further divided into two groups, normal glucose tolerance group and impaired glucose tolerance group. The Body mass index, fasting blood glucose, peak blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels were shown significant difference in siblings of diabetic parents with impaired glucose tolerance.
Single Stage Global Fusion for Fracture Subluxation of Cervical Spine Injury-Case Report
Introduction: Fracture subluxation following cervical spine injury is commonly encountered. Fracture subluxation can result in a serious spinal injury due to compression of the spinal cord. Though decompression of spine is done either anterior or posterior depending upon the site of compression, there is no consensus regarding the stabilization of spine either anterior or posterior or both after decompression of the spinal cord. Global fusion involves combined anterior and posterior stabilization of cervical spine. We report a case of fracture subluxation of C6 over C7 vertebra for whom global fusion was done in a single stage to prevent neurological deficit. Materials: Thirty six year old male patient who was a construction worker was brought to casualty after history of fall from height of 20 feet. Patient was immediately immobilized with Philadelphia collar and examined clinically for neurological deficits. On examination patient had no motor weakness and had hypoesthesia in C8 dermatome bilaterally. Radiological examination was done and patient was taken up for surgery. Global fusion following decompression was done for the patient. Results: Anterior decompression with bone grafting and anterior cervical plate fixation followed by posterior stabilization with interspinous wiring and bone grafting was done. Postoperative period was uneventful. Patient recovered from hypoesthesia and immediate mobilization was started. Conclusion: The combined single-stage anterior and posterior stabilization procedure represents a viable option in the treatment of patients with fracture subluxation following cervical spine injury than with single anterior or posterior approach alone.
Oxytocin was discovered by the great Italian scientist Nicholas Farraye in the year1835. Apart from the well-known function of uterine contraction and milk ejection, it is said to play a significant role in creating an effective bond between mother and child, in trusting people, maintain eye to eye contact during a conversation. Pitocin and Syntocin are the commonly used drugs, the chemical similarity to Oxytocin makes them an ideal choice of drug for various cases for example at the time if parturition. Oxytocin is a potent molecule with a unique and unusually broad profile of biological and behavioral effects. Oxytocin acts upon receptors and tissues that are ancient and have evolved many functions. Hence, in this review we discussed the pharmacological role of Oxytocin, social effects of Oxytocin in humans, Oxytocin pathways and evolution of human behaviour, the chemistry of love and neurobiology of love.
Effect of Refractive error on VEP in Myopic Boys and Girls
Introduction: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are summated electrical signals generated by occipital regions of the Cortex in response to visual stimuli & recorded from human scalp. It tests the function of visual pathway from retina to occipital cortex and more sensitive to changes in the visual stimuli. It is very useful when causes of poor vision are uncertain. VEP amplitude and latencies are affected by multiple variables like age, gender, eye dominance, eye movement, visual acuity and refractive errors. To determine the influence of refractive error on VEP this study was done in myopic boys and girls. Methods: 40 controls, 17 boys, 23 girls were selected.40 myopic subjects, 17 boys, 23 girls with refractive error in a range of 1to 8.5 Dioptres were participated. All were aged between 17-21.Refractive error was measured by auto refractometry. VEPs were performed by checkerboard reversal stimuli system. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant prolongation of P100 latency [P100L] in myopic subjects with a P value of < 0.0001. Reduction in P100 amplitude was found and it was significant at P< 0.1 .The results were also compared separately for boys and girls.P100L was significant with a P value of < 0.0001 for boys and it was significant with a P value of 0.0007 for girls. With regard to amplitude, reduction in amplitude was observed with a significant P value of 0.0369 for boys and insignificant reduction in amplitude with a P value of 0.4103 for girls. Pearson's correlation study revealed negative correlation for VEP-L and weak positive correlation for VEP-amplitude. Conclusion: During VEP recording, the subject is advised to wear corrective lenses and this study can be used to prevent misinterpretation of VEP findings.
EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING ON LIPID PROFILE
Introduction: Aerobic exercises like walking, running, cycling scores for ordinary persons to improve their physical fitness and health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of tread mill exercise and ergometer cycling on lipid profile. Materials and methods: This study includes 80 subjects, of these 40 subjects were in control group (Group A) and 40 subjects were in aerobic training (study group). The study group is further subdivided into Group B consists of 20 subjects who underwent treadmill training and Group C consists of 20 subjects who underwent cycling. Study subjects underwent aerobic training of moderate intensity for 12 weeks, five days in a week, one hour per day on tread mill for Group B individuals and five days in a week, fifteen minutes per day on the cycle for Group C individuals. Results: Students paired 't' test was used to test statistical significance between pre and post tests for each group. Results showed significant reduction in Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Very low density lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol/High Density Lipoprotein ratio, Low Density Lipoprotien/High Density Lipoprotein ratio and elevation of High Density Lipoprotein in post test compared to pre test with p value of < 0.05 in aerobic training group. Control group, showed no significant improvement in post test compared to pre test with p value of > 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that aerobic exercise has a definite favourable impact on lipid profile, compared to sedentary individuals. Thus both treadmill and bicycle ergometer can be recommended for the favourable improvement on lipid profile