PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF YOGA

Abstract

Background:    Yoga is an ancient mind–body discipline increasingly supported by modern physiological research. Evidence 
suggests signi icant effects on autonomic balance, cardiovascular regulation, respiratory ef iciency, and neuroendocrine 
stress pathways. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted focusing on clinical and experi
mental studies evaluating physiological parameters in luenced by yoga practices, including asanas, pranayama, and medita
tion. Results: Yoga practice is associated with enhanced parasympathetic activity, improved heart rate variability, reduced 
blood pressure, improved pulmonary function, and decreased stress biomarkers including cortisol. Neurotransmitter mod
ulation such as increased GABA activity has also been reported. Conclusion:    Yoga exerts measurable systemic physiological 
effects primarily through autonomic modulation and neuroendocrine regulation. It represents a safe and cost-effective ad
junct in preventive and lifestyle medicine.