NEONATAL HYPOTHERMIA AND ITS IMPACT ON EARLY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Neonatal hypothermia is a frequent and preventable condition that signicantly contributes to early neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia at admission, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate its impact on early morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital. All live-born neonates admitted within 24 hours of birth during the study period were included. Axillary temperature was recorded at admission and classified according to World Health Organization [WHO] criteria. Maternal and neonatal characteristics, early neonatal morbidities, and mortality were documented and analyzed. Results: A total of 200 neonates were included in the study. Hypothermia at admission was observed in 118 [59%] neonates. Preterm birth, low birth weight, and outborn delivery were significantly associated with hypothermia. Hypothermic neonates had higher incidences of sepsis, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and significantly higher early neonatal mortality compared to normothermic
neonates. Conclusion: Neonatal hypothermia is common and is strongly associated with increased early morbidity and mortality. Strict adherence to thermal care practices from birth through transport and hospitalization is essential to improve neonatal outcomes.